2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题

　　课程代码：00830

　　请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

　　选择题部分

　　注意事项：

　　1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

　　2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。

　　Ⅰ. Directions： Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%)

　　1. Which of the following does NOT account for the fact that modern linguistics gives priority to the spoken form of language?

　　A. Speech precedes writing.

　　B. There are still many languages that have only the spoken form.

　　C. People were encouraged to imitate the best authors for language usage.

　　D. The spoken is used for a wider range of purposes than the written.

　　2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants [s] and [z] are classified as ______.

　　A. liquids B. affricates

　　C. stops D. fricatives

　　3. Which of the following words has four morphemes?

　　A. Undoubtedly. B. Instrument.

　　C. Astonishing. D. Thermometer.

　　4. The word very in the phrase very curious of the answer is a ______ in terms of X-bar schema.

　　A. specifier B. head

　　C. complement D. determiner

　　5. According to the way synonyms differ, which group of synonyms do lift and elevator illustrate?

　　A. Dialectal synonyms. B. Stylistic synonyms.

　　C. Collocational synonyms. D. Semantically different synonyms.

　　6. In the following dialogue between a student and a teacher, which maxim under CP is violated when the conversational implicature occurs?

　　Student： New York is in New Zealand, isn’t it, Mr. Smith?

　　Teacher： And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.

　　A. Quantity. B. Quality.

　　C. Relation. D. Manner.

　　7. All the following items except ______ are major sound changes English has undergone in its long historical development.

　　A. apocope B. aspiration

　　C. epenthesis D. metathesis

　　8. ______ variation in a person’s speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.

　　A. Regional B. Social

　　C. Stylistic D. Idiolectal

　　9. Stimuli heard in the left ear are reported less accurately than those heard in the right ear. This phenomenon is called as the______.

　　A. brain lateralization B. linguistic lateralization

　　C. cerebral plasticity D. right ear advantage

　　10. A child acquires his or her mother tongue in a sequence of identifiable stages： ______ , one-word, two-word and multiword during a very specific maturational period of human development.

　　A. crying B. babbling

　　C. holophrastic D. telegraphic

　　非选择题部分

　　注意事项：

　　用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

　　Ⅱ. Directions： Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)

　　11. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. The word study does not mean learn but i ______ or examine.

　　12. The speech sounds we use when speaking a language are called p ______ medium of language.

　　13. A stem refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added, and it can be a

　　b ______ root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.

　　14. The phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length due to their r ______ properties.

　　15. In predication analysis, an a ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.

　　16. While traditional semantics mainly studies meanings in isolation, pragmatics focuses on meanings in c______.

　　17. Linguistic change occurs in all components of the grammar, including changes in the sound, morphological, s ______ , lexical, and semantic systems.

　　18. A linguistic t ______ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from general use.

　　19. The right hemisphere of human brain processes stimuli more h ______ and the left one more analytically.

　　20. In SLA, many actual errors, such as goed and womans, are attributable to o______ instead of negative transfer.

　　Ⅲ. Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write a T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2 % ×10=20% )

　　21. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time would be a diachronic study.

　　22. If the sentence That's, not the ,book he, wants is spoken in the fall-rise tone, it implies that there is some other book the speaker wants.

　　23. Prefixes usually change the part of speech of the original word, but do not change the meaning of the stem.

　　24. According to Chomsky, Universal Grammar is a system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the brain of a normal human being.

　　25. One linguistic symbol can have different references while bearing the same sense. There are also occasions, though less frequent, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.

　　26. According to Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, promising, swearing and vowing are the most typical cases of commissives.

　　27. Middle English had been deeply influenced by Norman French in vocabulary and grammar. For example, such terms as man, house, and eat came from the language of the French rulers.

　　28. Putonghua serves as an effective lingua franca among speakers of 56 different nationalities, even among speakers of different dialects of the Chinese language.

　　29. The left hemisphere of human brain is superior to the right one.

　　30. Although formal instruction hardly affects the natural route of SLA, it does provide opportunities to receive comprehensible input.

　　Ⅳ. Directions： Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)

　　31. cultural transmission

　　32. suprasegmental features

　　33. root

　　34. AUX-movement

　　35. linguistic context

　　36. utterance meaning

　　37. coinage

　　38. language standardization

　　39. language centers

　　40. interlanguage

　　Ⅴ. Directions： Answer the following questions. (10% × 2=20%)

　　41. Please define competence and performance respectively and describe their differences.

　　42. According to John Austin, what are the three acts a speaker might be performing simultaneously while speaking? And give examples to illustrate them.